资源
Getting the facts straight
about elections.
Every election reinforces the importance of voting as the foundation of America’s democracy. Nothing is more important to ES&S than maintaining the integrity of the voting process. By understanding the real risks to elections, we strengthen our ability to protect democracy.
Let’s get the facts straight.
各州和司法管辖区如何确保选举准确？
选举司法管辖区遵循多层方法，以确保将所有选票视为演员。每个州都坚持建立对身体安全和监护链的要求，以保护其系统的安全。这些控件可能包括锁，密封，审核日志，证人签名或其他安全措施。选举前的逻辑和准确性测试和选举后审计是可靠的过程，可维护选举的准确性。此外，全国每个州都有法定挑战，重述或选举结果竞赛的法定程序。每个州的选举当局根据州法律确定其审计过程。
Click here要了解有关如何验证选举准确性的更多信息。
我们可以信任ES＆S投票机狗万被端吗吗？
狗万被端吗通过数千小时的测试和全国数千个选举，ES＆S投票设备已被证明是准确和安全的。狗万被端吗ES＆S投票机已获得美国选举援助委员会（EAC）的认证，并经过NIST认可的投票系统测试实验室（VSTLS）进行了强大的测试，以提供准确性，可靠性，可用性和安全性。几个州还聘请独立公司来审核投票机的安全性，这是其州认证考试过程的一部分。除了ES＆S所进行的其他独立测试以及在每次选举之前由司法管辖区进行的逻辑和准确性测试，选民可以确保ES＆S狗万被端吗投票系统按设计和认证进行执行，并且选票将被视为演员。
Click here要了解有关严格测试标准的更多信息，ES＆S系统必须符合联邦认证。狗万被端吗
Can voting machines be hacked?
Voting machines have been hacked at staged demonstrations and in laboratories, but these environments do not reflect an actual election scenario where multiple layers of physical and cyber security are always in place. These measures include pre-election testing, locks, restricted access, tamper-resistant seals, chain-of-custody protocols, and voting machines which are locked down to ensure limited access, along with more advanced technology found in newer equipment.
Click hereto read how researchers at the Rochester Institute of Technology were unable to change votes cast using the ExpressVote XL.
过去，美国的投票机过去是否被黑客入侵？
While the threats are very real, there’s no evidence that any vote in a U.S. election has ever been compromised by a cybersecurity breach. To date, the totality of security measures — such as tamper-resistant seals, audits, voting machines which do not connect to the internet (see modem note below), along with more advanced technology found in newer equipment — provides for an environment that would be difficult to compromise. An additional layer of security to U.S. elections is that voting systems are used and deployed in a decentralized manner across the nation’s more than 10,000 voting jurisdictions. This decentralization greatly diminishes the chance or impact of a large-scale attack. While there is no evidence of any hacking of any voting machine currently in use in an election, as threats become more sophisticated, so must voting machines and the nation’s entire voting infrastructure.
Click hereto download CIS’s best practices for securing connected, non-voting election technology.
Are modems installed in DS200s nationwide?
No. Modems are not present in ES&S DS200 machines in states where modeming technology is not permitted or certified. In a few states it is a legal practice to use cellular modems to transmit unofficial election results after the polls are officially closed and all voting has ended. In states where modem transmission is permitted, ES&S uses mobile private network connectivity, industry best practices, and numerous security safeguards to protect the transfer of these unofficial election night results. Final official results are physically uploaded at election headquarters prior to final certification. The physical ballots and printed results tapes are always protected.
我们怎么知道调制解调器不在不允许使用的机器中？
Modem components are not resident on the DS200 by default, but rather a separate board that is only installed in DS200s in those jurisdictions where a state may permit their legal use. Additionally, DS200s without a modem component do not include the application or the network architecture required to support modeming and allow a modem to operate on the machine. It’s also important to note that today’s modern cellular modeming technology also requires a private network service provider such as Verizon.
Does ES&S use independent testing of its voting equipment?
是的，以多种方式。狗万被端吗ES＆S自愿遵守由EAC执行的联邦测试计划，EAC是由Bi-Partisan Help America Foter于2002年创建的联邦机构。这些实验室按照联邦投票系统标准进行严格的测试。在联邦测试计划下进行的审查层面上，几个州还与独立公司互动，以审核投票机的安全性，这是其州认证考试过程的一部分。此外，ES＆S经常与网络安全狗万被端吗公司合作，进行独立的第三方测试，包括穿透测试和源代码审查。在最近的参与中，ES＆S提交了我们的完整的端到端的软狗万被端吗件和硬件投票配置，用于测试网络安全基础设施安全局（CISA）关键产品评估计划at one of the nation’s leading centers for research and development in energy, national security, science and environment, to perform third-party independent testing of both our hardware and software to ensure the resilience and security of our voting systems.
ES&S有狗万被端吗过程来接收and respond to unsolicited vulnerability reports from cybersecurity researchers and other third parties?
Yes, ES&S utilizes its internal corporate information security staff to receive, evaluate and act upon, as necessary, unsolicited vulnerability reports from cybersecurity researchers and other third parties. In addition, ES&S maintainsa link on its websitefor the purpose of receiving and responding to reports and/or inquiries related to security.
ES＆S是狗万被端吗否支持增强国家选举基础设施的安全性？
狗万被端吗ES＆S充分支持基于纸张的投票技术，以及法律选举后的审计。狗万被端吗ES＆S支持创建或采用行业标准和准则，这些标准和准则进一步加强了国家的关键选举基础设施，并要求国会通过立法，以建立更强大的测试计划。我们知道，提高每个选民的信心需要联邦，州和地方选举官员，EAC，DHS，执法，投票系统制造商和整个选举社区之间的紧密合作。这就是为什么ES＆S采狗万被端吗取了多个步骤来加强安全性，包括与组织建立合作伙伴关系，以帮助我们提供必要的和持续的选举安全改进。其中一些安全伙伴关系包括：
• Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Election Task Force
• FBI election crime unit
• U.S. Intelligence community
• DHS’s Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA)
• Elections Infrastructure Information Sharing and Analysis Center (EI-ISAC)
• Information Technology Information Sharing and Analysis Center (IT-ISAC), Elections Special Interest Group (E-SIG)
•国家标准技术研究所（NIST）
•部门协调委员会（SCC）
How does ES&S protect its hardware and software supply chain?
As standard practice, each release undergoes extensive security testing and ES&S provides a complete set of software components to the voting systems testing labs (VSTLs) for review. ES&S also conducts thorough security reviews of our entire supply chain to ensure that every component is trusted, tested and free of malware. Every single item and manufacturer are approved and under engineering revision control. That’s the advantage of an ES&S purpose-built system versus one with components bought off the shelf.
Click here了解有关投票系统的供应链和制造的更多信息。
I understand ES&S ballot marking systems use barcodes. Can barcodes really be trusted?
条形码是一种可信赖的，经过测试的通用技术，以多种不同行业的各种方式使用，以提高安全性，准确性，速度和效率。DMV，药房，医院，银行和食品制造商都使用条形码。投票计数计算机（称为制表器）以与纸质投票上的椭圆形位置相同的方式读取条形码 - 因此，带有条形码的摘要卡包含与手绘投票相同的数据。由于条形码提供了一种可靠的方法来准确阅读信息，因此该技术几乎消除了人为错误的可能性（例如，选票不佳，对选民意图的误解）。与人类可读文本一起显示，带有条形码的摘要卡是完全可审计的。
Click here要了解有关读取条形码的更多信息。
Click here观看有关如何阅读选票的视频。
Does ES&S support the use of paper in elections?
狗万被端吗对于审计ES&S认为纸质记录是至关重要的。In 2018, ES&S decided to no longer sell paperless voting machines as the primary voting device in a jurisdiction because it is difficult to perform a meaningful audit without a paper record of each voter’s selections. ES&S was the first tabulation provider to ask Congress to pass legislation requiring an auditable paper record of every vote cast. Using a physical paper record sets the stage for all jurisdictions to perform statistically valid post-election audits. Every single one of our universal voting machines produces a paper record that can be tabulated and audited.
I understand that ES&S election software operates on Windows. What does that mean for election security?
Election systems are hardened, meaning that the computer that runs Windows is locked down with allowed access only to the functions required to conduct an election. Unused ports are blocked, and unnecessary services are removed. This hardening means that work stations running on Windows platforms are protected from the types of risks more commonly associated with mainstream technologies. For systems that currently use Windows 7, ES&S and Microsoft will provide ongoing support for that software until jurisdictions can upgrade to our latest versions which now incorporate Windows 10.
ES&S systems in the past included remote-access capability. Why?
More than a decade ago, ES&S, along with others in this industry and many other industries, provided software upon customer request for customer workstations—not voting machines—for troubleshooting purposes. While no known issues arose with this practice, ES&S has not provided this capability since 2007 and never provided it for voting machines.
Do ES&S voting machines ever fall out of calibration or need re-calibration?
While older touch screen technology required frequent calibration, our current technology, including the ExpressVote and ExpressVote XL, do not.
触摸屏校准是在工厂进行的，很少需要再次需要。狗万被端吗ES＆S建议将每台机器作为选举前逻辑和准确性测试的一部分进行检查。ExpressVote和ExpressVote XL都是基于纸张的通用投票机，所有选民都有能够在投票前检查其纸质选票的准确性。
Why trust a private company with our nation’s elections?
The elections infrastructure, like the nation’s power grid, is made up of public and private partnerships. As DHS says in describing critical infrastructure, there is a shared responsibility among multiple stakeholders because neither the government nor the private sector alone has the knowledge, authority, or resources to do it alone.
要了解有关联邦和州官员的选举的更多信息，请访问这些选民资源：
EAC:https://www.eac.gov/voters/voter-faqs
CISA：https://www.cisa.gov/rumorcontrol
NASED:https://www.nased.org/faqs/
纳斯：https://www.nass.org/sites/default/files/pdfs/NASS%202020%20Election%20FAQs.pdf